By Rebecca Saltzburg • June 21, 2026
An independent international tribunal and two major investigations have concluded that the Chinese Communist Party has been killing political and religious prisoners and selling their organs, not as a rogue operation, but as a systematic practice supported by state infrastructure. 5 The China Tribunal, the Kilgour-Matas-Gutmann investigation, and the U.S. House of Representatives have all reached the same conclusion. Here is what the evidence shows.
The investigations
The China Tribunal (2019)
In June 2019, the China Tribunal, an independent international tribunal chaired by Sir Geoffrey Nice QC (who previously prosecuted Slobodan Milošević at The Hague), issued its final judgment. The tribunal unanimously concluded that forced organ harvesting "has been committed for years throughout China on a significant scale" and that it constitutes crimes against humanity. 1
The tribunal found that Falun Gong practitioners have been "one, and probably the main, source of organ supply." It cited research estimating 60,000 to 100,000 transplant operations per year in China, far exceeding the government's official figure of 10,000. 2 The tribunal stated there was no evidence the practice had stopped.
In September 2019, the tribunal's legal counsel presented these findings to the United Nations Human Rights Council. 3
The Kilgour-Matas-Gutmann investigation (2006–2016)
Canadian MP David Kilgour and human rights lawyer David Matas began investigating in 2006. Their initial report found that 41,500 transplants over a six-year period (2000–2005) had no explained organ source. They concluded that large-scale organ seizures from unwilling Falun Gong practitioners were occurring. 4
In 2016, joined by investigative journalist Ethan Gutmann, they published an updated 680-page report with nearly 2,400 references. Their conclusion: 60,000 to 100,000 transplants were taking place annually in China, with Falun Gong practitioners as the primary organ source. 5
The wait-time problem
In the United States, the median wait for a kidney transplant is two to four years. In Canada, three to five years. In China, hospitals have advertised wait times of one to two weeks for kidneys and livers. 6
Investigators have concluded this is only possible with a large pool of pre-tested donors whose organs can be extracted on demand. A voluntary donation system does not produce organs in days. 7
Who the CCP is targeting
Falun Gong practitioners
In 1999, the CCP outlawed Falun Gong, a meditation practice that the Chinese government itself estimated had grown to 70 million practitioners. Mass arrests followed. The China Tribunal concluded that Falun Gong practitioners were the primary source of organs for China's transplant system. 8
Ethan Gutmann estimated approximately 65,000 Falun Gong practitioners were killed for their organs between 2000 and 2008. 9
Uyghur Muslims
In March 2024, witnesses testified before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) that Chinese authorities are collecting DNA from the Uyghur population in Xinjiang as part of what they described as a forced organ-transplant program. According to this testimony, the organs are marketed to wealthy Muslim medical tourists from Gulf states, who pay premiums for organs from donors who abstain from pork and alcohol. 10
In testimony cited by Radio Free Asia, researcher Ethan Gutmann estimated that 25,000 to 50,000 Uyghurs may be killed annually for their organs. 10 Survivors of Xinjiang detention camps have described mandatory medical testing consistent with preparation for organ removal, including blood typing and tissue matching, with no medical benefit to the prisoners themselves. 11
What the U.S. Congress is doing
Stop Forced Organ Harvesting Act
Authored by Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ), this bill authorizes sanctions, visa revocations, civil penalties of up to $250,000, and criminal penalties of up to $1 million and 20 years in prison for anyone involved in forced organ harvesting. 12
The House passed it in 2023 by a vote of 413-2. It died in the Senate. The House passed it again in May 2025 by a vote of 406-1. As of May 2026, it remains stalled in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. 13
Falun Gong Protection Act
This companion legislation, also passed by the House, specifically targets the persecution of Falun Gong practitioners. It requires the State Department, HHS, and NIH to submit a detailed report on China's organ transplant policies and practices, including how those policies apply to Falun Gong practitioners and other prisoners of conscience. A Senate version was introduced by Senators Ted Cruz (R-TX) and Jeff Merkley (D-OR). 14
Congressional hearings
The CECC held hearings in March 2024 ("Stopping the Crime of Organ Harvesting: What More Must Be Done?") and May 2026 ("A Market Built on Victims: Stopping Illegal Organ Trafficking in China and Beyond"), both chaired by Rep. Smith and co-chaired by Sen. Merkley. Witnesses included researchers, survivors, and medical experts. 15
The Xi-Putin hot mic (September 2025)
During a military parade in Beijing, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin were caught on a hot mic discussing organ transplants and the possibility that biotechnology could help people "become younger and perhaps even achieve immortality." Xi suggested humans might live to 150 years old this century. 16
Rep. Smith called the exchange "a wake-up call" and urged the Senate to immediately pass the Stop Forced Organ Harvesting Act. 17
The CCP's response
The Chinese government has consistently denied forced organ harvesting. In 2015, officials announced that executed prisoners would no longer be used as organ donors. However, the China Tribunal found no evidence the practice had stopped. Kilgour, Matas, and Gutmann have noted that China has never produced a verifiable organ donor registry that would account for the volume of transplants being performed. 18
China's official transplant figures account for approximately 10,000 operations per year. Independent investigators have estimated the actual number at 60,000 to 100,000, based on hospital capacity and utilization data. The gap has never been explained. 19
An international tribunal concluded this regime kills prisoners and sells their organs. It is the same regime Tulsi Gabbard's guru served, and it spent decades elevating the family at the center of her religious community.
Sources
- China Tribunal Final Judgment , June 2019. Independent tribunal chaired by Sir Geoffrey Nice QC.
- "China forcefully harvests organs from detainees, tribunal concludes," NBC News, June 18, 2019.
- "UN urged to investigate forced organ harvesting in China," Al Jazeera, September 25, 2019.
- Kilgour-Matas Report, "Report into Allegations of Organ Harvesting of Falun Gong Practitioners in China," initial report July 6, 2006.
- "Bloody Harvest / The Slaughter: An Update," Kilgour, Matas, and Gutmann, June 2016. 680 pages, 2,400 references.
- "On-Demand Transplants," China Organ Harvest Research Center. Documents hospital wait-time advertisements.
- "The Falun Gong, organ transplantation, the holocaust and ourselves," Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.
- China Tribunal Final Judgment, June 2019 (see source 1).
- Ethan Gutmann, The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem (Prometheus Books, 2014). Independent estimate of about 65,000 Falun Gong practitioners killed for organs, 2000–2008.
- "Experts: China is sequencing Uyghur DNA for organ harvesting," Radio Free Asia, March 20, 2024.
- "Forced Organ Harvesting in China: Examining the Evidence," Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission hearing.
- H.R.1503, Stop Forced Organ Harvesting Act of 2025, Congress.gov.
- "House targets China by passing sanctions for forced organ harvesting," Washington Examiner. Passed 406-1, May 7, 2025.
- S.817, Falun Gong Protection Act, 119th Congress (2025–2026), Congress.gov.
- CECC Hearing: "Stopping the Crime of Organ Harvesting," March 20, 2024; and "A Market Built on Victims," May 14, 2026.
- "Xi and Putin discuss organ transplants and immortality in hot mic moment," NBC News, September 2025.
- Rep. Smith calls on the Senate to pass the Stop Forced Organ Harvesting Act, press release following the Xi-Putin hot mic, September 2025.
- "Has China really stopped obtaining organs from executed prisoners?," PBS NewsHour.
- "A Decade-Long Investigation," China Organ Harvest Research Center.
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